Method and apparatus for authenticating media based on tokens

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, obtaining a content item, receiving a first token that comprises an identification of a date and a time when a first portion of the content item is obtained, a location where the first portion of the content item is obtained, or a combination thereof, and transmitting the content item and the first token to a database. Other embodiments are disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/169,240, filed Oct. 24, 2018. All sections of the aforementionedapplication are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject disclosure relates to a method and apparatus forauthenticating media based on tokens.

BACKGROUND

Given the proliferation/availability of user devices (e.g., mobiledevices), content is being generated at increasing rates. In someinstances, it is desirable to authenticate such content in terms of,e.g., the originator of the content, a location where the content wascreated/captured, a date and/or time the location was created/captured,etc. Using conventional techniques, providing for such authenticationrequires coordination of legal requirements/permissions (e.g.,authorization in view of privacy considerations) and service/operatorengineering specifications (e.g., provisions for information retrieval),making the authentication of content difficult.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are notnecessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary, non-limitingembodiment of a communications network in accordance with variousaspects described herein.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2B depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordancewith various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2C depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordancewith various aspects described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance withvarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of amobile network platform in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acommunication device in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrativeembodiments for authenticating/validating content. In some embodiments,content may be authenticated on the basis of one or more tokens. Otherembodiments are described in the subject disclosure.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a generation anddistribution (e.g., transmission and reception) of one or more tokens.The tokens may be generated by reliable/trustworthy sources, such as forexample a device or component of a network. The tokens may be queriedsubsequent to their distribution for authentication purposes.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a hashing of oneor more tokens. Such hashing may provide for anonymity/privacy and mayfrustrate/complicate attempts by third parties in terms of spoofing thetokens.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a scoring servicethat can be used to filter, corroborate, and/or validate content. Thescoring service may be facilitated without loss of user privacy. In someembodiments, the scoring service might not implicate legal obligations.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network 100 inaccordance with various aspects described herein. For example,communications network 100 can facilitate in whole or in parttransmitting a first token that includes an identification of a date anda time when the first token is transmitted and a location from where thefirst token is transmitted, storing a copy of the first token in adatabase, receiving a content item and a second token from a userdevice, and applying a score to the content item based on a comparisonof the copy of the first token and the second token. Communicationsnetwork 100 can facilitate in whole or in part recording a content item,receiving a first token that includes an identification of a date and atime when a first portion of the content item is recorded and a locationwhere the first portion of the content item is recorded, andtransmitting the content item and the first token to a database.Communications network 100 can facilitate in whole or in part obtaininga content item, receiving a first token that includes an identificationof a date and a time when a first portion of the content item is obtain,a location where the first portion of the content item is obtained, or acombination thereof, and transmitting the content item and the firsttoken to a database.

A communications network 125 is presented for providing broadband access110 to a plurality of data terminals 114 via access terminal 112,wireless access 120 to a plurality of mobile devices 124 and vehicle 126via base station or access point 122, voice access 130 to a plurality oftelephony devices 134, via switching device 132 and/or media access 140to a plurality of audio/video display devices 144 via media terminal142. In addition, communication network 125 is coupled to one or morecontent sources 175 of audio, video, graphics, text and/or other media.While broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130 andmedia access 140 are shown separately, one or more of these forms ofaccess can be combined to provide multiple access services to a singleclient device (e.g., mobile devices 124 can receive media content viamedia terminal 142, data terminal 114 can be provided voice access viaswitching device 132, and so on).

The communications network 125 includes a plurality of network elements(NE) 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. for facilitating the broadband access 110,wireless access 120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or thedistribution of content from content sources 175. The communicationsnetwork 125 can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, avoice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP)network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G,or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network,UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless accessnetwork, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communicationsnetwork.

In various embodiments, the access terminal 112 can include a digitalsubscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem terminationsystem (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal.The data terminals 114 can include personal computers, laptop computers,netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digitalsubscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interfacespecification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modemsuch as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/orother access devices.

In various embodiments, the base station or access point 122 can includea 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point thatoperates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or otherwireless access terminal. The mobile devices 124 can include mobilephones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or othermobile computing devices.

In various embodiments, the switching device 132 can include a privatebranch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIPgateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. Thetelephony devices 134 can include traditional telephones (with orwithout a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephonydevices.

In various embodiments, the media terminal 142 can include a cablehead-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway or othermedia terminal 142. The display devices 144 can include televisions withor without a set top box, personal computers and/or other displaydevices.

In various embodiments, the content sources 175 include broadcasttelevision and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streamingvideo and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks,data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or othersources of media.

In various embodiments, the communications network 125 can includewired, optical and/or wireless links and the network elements 150, 152,154, 156, etc. can include service switching points, signal transferpoints, service control points, network gateways, media distributionhubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and othernetwork nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic overwired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and otherpublic networks as well as one or more private networks, for managingsubscriber access, for billing and network management and for supportingother network functions.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system 200 a functioning within the communicationnetwork of FIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.As reflected by the arrows 1 and 2 in FIG. 2A, a target/scene 202 aincorporating a person and a cat at a park may be captured via one ormore devices, such as for example a user device 206 a (arrow 1) and/orone or more third-party devices 210 a (arrow 2). The devices 206 a and210 a, which may include for example a mobile device (e.g., a mobilephone), may include one or more cameras, microphones, etc. As reflectedby FIG. 2A, content that is captured and subjected to authenticationtechniques in conjunction with this disclosure may take one or moreforms, such as for example images/video, audio (e.g., voice calls,music, etc.), data (e.g., sensor data, financial data, etc.), etc.

As represented via reference character 1.1 in FIG. 2A, one or morecomponents/devices of a network, such as for example basestations/towers 214 a-1, 214 a-2, and/or 214 a-3 may generate andtransmit one or more tokens. The tokens may include a date stamp and/ortime stamp (or other date/time-based indicators) and/or a location/spaceindicator. The location indicator may correspond to a location of therespective base station that transmits a given token, a location of arespective user device/camera, or a location of some other device (e.g.,a router, a switch, a media processor, etc.).

In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a camera) that captures the scene202 a may receive a (raw) token from a base station (e.g., the basestation 214 a-1) and append the token to the content associated with thescene 202 a. In some embodiments, the token may be appended to thecontent as a watermark, as metadata, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, a device may apply a hash to the received token(s)resulting in a hashed token. The hashed token may be appended to thecontent, potentially in lieu of appending the (raw) token to thecontent. The use of a hashed token (generated from one or more of theraw tokens transmitted by the base stations) may provide for anadditional layer of security/authentication by making it more difficultto subsequently create/generate second content and asserting that thesecond content was captured at a location and date/time coincident withthe (content of the) scene 202 a.

In some embodiments, the tokens transmitted by one or more of the basestations 214 a-1 through 214 a-3 may be stored by anauthentication/authenticity service 218 a. In some embodiments, theauthentication service 218 a may include a database, a library, etc., tofacilitate a storage of the tokens. The tokens may be stored inaccordance with a distributed ledger that comprises a plurality ofdevices. The distributed ledger may adhere to, or incorporate,blockchain technology. More generally, aspects of the authenticationservice 218 a may be implemented in conjunction with a publiclyavailable, decentralized token service for content authenticity. Whileshown separately, in some embodiments the authentication service 218 amay be incorporated as part of one or more of the base stations 214 a-1through 214 a-3.

In some embodiments, and as reflected by the arrow 1.2.1, theauthentication service 218 a may transmit the tokens that theauthentication service 218 a receives to the user device 206 a and/orthe third party devices 210 a. The authentication service 218 a maysubject the tokens that it transmits as part of the arrow 1.2.1 to ahashing function and/or an encryption function (potentially based on oneor more keys). The user device 206 a and/or the third party devices 210a may append the content that they generate/capture with the (hashedand/or encrypted) tokens that are received from the authenticationservice 218 a. The devices 206 a and 210 a incorporating the tokens intothe content by way of the authentication service 218 a (as representedby the arrow 1.2.1) may enhance authenticity by being able to leverage arelationship of trust between the authentication service 218 a and thedevices 206 a and 210 a.

In some embodiments, and as illustratively represented via the arrow1.3, the content as captured (with any appended (raw, hashed, and/orencrypted) tokens) may be provided to a content-sharing/scoring service222 a. In some embodiments, the scoring service 222 a may beincorporated as part of one or more of the devices 206 a and 210 a, thebase stations 214 a-1 through 214 a-3, the authentication service 218 a,etc.

As represented by the arrow 3 in FIG. 2A, a comparison may be performedbetween the tokens that were appended to the content and the tokensstored at the authentication service 218 a. That comparison may generatea score that is representative of the similarity (or, analogously, thedifference) between the appended tokens and the tokens stored at theauthentication service 218 a in terms of date, time, and/or location.For example, if the appended tokens and the tokens stored at theauthentication service 218 a are similar, that may serve as a firstindicator that the content that is submitted is authentic. Conversely,if the appended tokens and the tokens stored at the authenticationservice 218 a are dissimilar (e.g., differ from one another in an amountthat is greater than a threshold) that may serve as a first indicatorthat the submitted content is inauthentic.

The first indicator may be subjected to normalization or modulation tofacilitate comparison in one or more dimensions or across various setsof content. For example, reliability may be gauged/assessed againsthistorical sets of content, potentially on the basis of a user orassociated device having been authenticated as having been trustworthyin the past.

As represented by the arrow 3.2, a person/user captured as part of thescene 202 a may verify that the captured content is authentic. Forexample, if the person has an account with, e.g., the authenticationservice 218 a or the scoring service 222 a, the person may receive arequest (e.g., an email, a text message, etc.) to confirm that the scene202 a (or the captured content associated therewith) is valid/authentic.Such a request may be submitted/transmitted to the person (or theperson's user device) on the basis of a tag (e.g., metadata, a hashtag)that is applied/appended to the content that identifies the person, onthe basis of object (e.g., facial/face) recognition techniques, etc.Still further, one or more techniques may be applied on the basis of acomputed content fingerprint to identify objects, people, scenes,locations, events (e.g., a press conference), landmarks (e.g., art,buildings, etc.), etc. The person's confirmation may take the form of ahashed token that may match the token that was appended to the content;conversely, the lack of a match may indicate that the person was not infact present/included in the content/scene. The person'sconfirmation/denial regarding the request may serve as a secondindicator as to whether the submitted content is authentic orinauthentic.

In conjunction with the scoring service 222 a, content submitted by theuser device 206 a may be compared with content submitted by thethird-party devices 210 a. For example, image and/or audio processingtechniques may be applied to detect if first content submitted by theuser device 206 a is substantially similar to additional contentsubmitted by the third-party devices 210 a (where the additional contenthas already been authenticated/verified in accordance with thetechniques described herein). If the first content is substantiallysimilar to the additional content (e.g., is similar in an amount greaterthan a threshold) that may serve as a third indicator that the firstcontent is authentic. Conversely, if the first content differs from theadditional content in an amount greater than the threshold, that mayserve as a third indicator that the first content is inauthentic.

In addition to the three forms of scoring indication described above, insome embodiments the scoring service 222 a may implement multimodalrecognition techniques. In some embodiments, such multimodal recognitiontechniques may incorporate statistical analyses, human-machineinteractions, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and/or otherfactors/considerations.

The authentication service 218 a and/or the scoring service 222 a may beexecuted in conjunction with (e.g., on or by) one or more user devices,one or more network elements (e.g. a router, a switch, a modem, a mediaprocessor), network infrastructure (e.g., a server, a controller, a basestation, etc.), or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more scores generated/calculated by thescoring service 222 a may be presented to/by one or more users/userdevices as represented by the arrows 4 in FIG. 2A. For example, a firstbrowser (or other presentation mechanism) 226 a may reflect a scene thathas a score of 93% real relative to the scene 202 a, whereas a secondbrowser (or other presentation mechanism) 230 a may reflect a scene thathas a score of 3% real relative to the scene. Whereas the first browser226 a accurately depicts the cat shown in the scene 202 a, the secondbrowser 230 a replaces the cat with a (fictional) dinosaur; thisreplacement of the cat with the dinosaur may be a significantcontributing factor in the low score associated with the second browser230 a.

A first consumer of content might not be interested in viewing contentthat falls below a particular score threshold, whereas a second consumerof content may be interested in inauthentic or fictional content.Accordingly, and as reflected by the arrows 4.4 in FIG. 2A, in someembodiments users/content consumers may establish one or more thresholdssuch that associated devices can filter content across one or more ofthe scores (or, analogously, an aggregate score (e.g., an average)representative of some or all of the individual scores).

In some embodiments, filtration that is provided may be automated suchthat a user/user device might not need to concern herself/itself withthe details associated with the filtration. Alternatively, in someembodiments a user/user device may be presented with an authenticationaudit/audit log to allow the user/user device to (manually) determinehow the score(s) were generated. In this respect, greatercontrol/flexibility over the filtration may be provided to the user/userdevice. For example, a content consumer may be more flexible in terms ofpotentially inaccuracy in a first dimension (e.g., location) relative toother dimensions (e.g., date, time, or captured subject matter).

In some embodiments, various policies may be established/used to filteracross scores based on share/exposure. For example, a score that fallsbelow a given threshold may disqualify the content from being includedas part of, e.g., a marketing campaign. In some embodiments, a score maybe used to determine whether a particular audience member (or set ofaudience members) may obtain access to a given piece of content. Forexample, a score can be used to assess whether a piece of content isappropriate for children below a particular age.

In some embodiments, content consumers may influence/provide a scoreassociated with a particular content item. For example, if on a givendate and time a content consumer's device is determined to have beenpresent at the same, or substantially similar, location as the scene 202a, the content consumer/content consumer's device may be given anability to authenticate what is depicted in the associated content. Moregenerally, content consumers may rate content (e.g., based on score orscale, based on expressed approval (e.g., thumbs up)/disapproval (e.g.,thumbs down), etc.), which may serve as a factor in a content item'soverall score/rating. In this respect, aspects of the disclosure mayleverage the so-called “wisdom of the crowds” to filter-outsuspicious/inauthentic content relative to more reliable/authenticcontent.

As shown via the arrow 5 in FIG. 2A, in some embodiments a user orcontent consumer may search for a particular content item. The searchmay pertain to the particular content item itself. For example, thesearch may include keywords associated with the location, the date, thetime, the subject matter, or a combination thereof, of the content item.In some embodiments, the search may include a specification of tokensand/or hashes that can be used for faster, irrefutable searches andindexing by date, time, and/or location. The search may be facilitatedat least in part via a search engine.

FIG. 2B depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method 200 b inaccordance with various aspects described herein. The method 200 b maybe executed in conjunction with one or more devices or components, suchas for example one or more of the devices or components describedherein. For the sake of ease in description/illustrative convenience,the method 200 b is described in conjunction with the system 200 a ofFIG. 2A. One skilled in the art will appreciate, based on a review ofthis disclosure, that the method 200 b may be adapted to accommodateother systems, platforms, and environments.

In block 202 b, one or more tokens may be transmitted. For example, insome embodiments a base station/tower (e.g., base station/tower 214 a-1of the system 200 a of FIG. 2A) may transmit tokens periodically. Thetransmitted tokens may include information, such as for example dateinformation, time information, location information, or a combinationthereof.

In block 206 b, copies of the tokens that are transmitted in block 202 bmay be stored in a database (e.g., database 218 a of FIG. 2A). Thedatabase may be operative in accordance with a distributed ledger (e.g.,blockchain), such that it may be difficult to generateinauthentic/false/spoofed tokens in the database.

In block 210 b, encoding and/or hashing may be applied to the tokensstored in the database. Such encoding and/or hashing may be specific toa particular user device (e.g., user device 206 a of FIG. 2A) or asubset of user devices (e.g., devices associated with a subscriptionaccount with a service provider). The encoding and/or hashing providedin block 210 b may be operative in accordance with a relationship oftrust that may be established between the database and the user device.

In block 214 b, the tokens (e.g., the encoded and/or hashed tokens ofblock 210 b) may be transmitted from the database to one or more userdevices. The transmission of the tokens in block 214 b may facilitatethe user device(s) appending the tokens to content that is generated orobtained by the user device(s).

In block 218 b, the database may receive content from a user device. Forexample, the content may be received in conjunction with a request toshare or distribute the content. The request may be provided in relationto one or more social media platforms, applications, websites, etc. Thereceived content may include one or more tokens (e.g., hashed tokens)appended thereto.

In block 222 b, the content received as part of block 218 b may bescored. The scoring applied to the content may be based on a comparisonof tokens that may be appended to the received content (e.g., block 218b) relative to the tokens that are stored in the database (e.g., block206 b). The scoring of block 222 b may be based on subject coherence(e.g., confirmation or denial of the accuracy of the content by aperson/user captured in the content, potentially based on a tokensubmitted by the person/user), collaboration from othersources/users/user devices, etc. The score(s) calculated as part ofblock 222 b may represent a level of authenticity associated with thecontent. The score(s) may be calculated in accordance with one or morescoring scales.

In some embodiments, block 222 b may include acceptance or rejection(e.g., a discarding) of the content received in block 218 b based on acomparison of one or more of the scores that are generated relative toone or more thresholds. In such embodiments, the storage of the contentin the database may be conditioned on acceptance of the content. In someembodiments, the content may be stored in the database as part of block222 b, potentially with the score(s) calculated in block 222 b appliedthereto.

In block 226 b, a search request may be received by the database. Thesearch request may have been generated by a user device. The searchrequest may include keywords associated with/related to the subjectmatter of content stored in the database. The search request may bebased on a specification that the score of any content that is selectedas a search result be greater than a threshold. The search request mayinclude one or more tokens.

In block 230 b, the database may select one or more content items basedon the search request of block 226 b. For example, the database mayselect the content based on: one or more of the parameters specified aspart of search request, user/user devicepreferences/capabilities/restrictions, a current or future/scheduledlocation of the user device submitting the request, etc.

In block 234 b, an identification of the content items selected in block230 b may be transmitted to the user device that submitted the searchrequest in block 226 b. For example, an identification of a givencontent item may include a selectable link that, when selected by theuser device, causes the database to transmit the given content item tothe user device. Alternatively, the identification of the content itemsin block 234 b may include at least a portion of the content itemsthemselves (e.g., a trailer/preview of the content items, a firstportion/segment of the content items, etc.).

FIG. 2C depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method 200 c inaccordance with various aspects described herein. The method 200 c maybe executed in conjunction with one or more devices or components, suchas for example one or more of the devices or components describedherein. For the sake of ease in description/illustrative convenience,the method 200 c is described in conjunction with the system 200 a ofFIG. 2A. One skilled in the art will appreciate, based on a review ofthis disclosure, that the method 200 c may be adapted to accommodateother systems, platforms, and environments.

In block 202 c, content may be obtained by a user device (e.g., userdevice 206 a of FIG. 2A). For example, the content may be obtained bythe user device based on a recording of the content (or an associatedscene—e.g., scene 202 a of FIG. 2A) by the user device. Thus, thecontent may correspond to original content captured by the user device.

In some embodiments, the content obtained by the user device in block202 c may be based on/include content received from another device(e.g., another user device). In this respect, the content obtained inblock 202 c may include non-original/second-hand content that wascaptured/recorded by, e.g., the another device. The content may include,or have associated therewith, an identification (e.g., an address, aphone number, etc.) of the another device that provided the content tothe user device. In this manner, a log may be established to track thedistribution/dissemination of the content from a first device (e.g., theanother device) to a second device (e.g., the user device). The log mayalso include an identification of edits that may have been made to thecontent by the first/another device or the second/user device.

In block 206 c, the user device may receive one or more tokens. Forexample, one or more of the tokens may be received from a basestation/tower (e.g., base station/tower 214 a-1 of FIG. 2A). In someembodiments, one or more of the tokens may be received from a database(e.g., database 218 a of FIG. 2A). One or more of the tokens received inblock 206 c may have encryption and/or hashing applied to it.

In block 210 c, the user device may apply an encoding and/or hashing toone or more of the tokens received in block 206 c.

In block 214 c, the tokens (e.g., raw tokens, encoded tokens, hashedtokens, or a combination thereof) may be appended to the contentobtained in block 202 c.

In block 218 c, the content (with any tokens that may have been appendedin block 214 c) may be transmitted to a database (e.g., database 218 aof FIG. 2A) for potential scoring, acceptance, or rejection of thecontent by the database. The content and the token(s) may be transmittedas part of a message.

While block 214 c is shown as a separate block from block 218 c, in someembodiments block 214 c may be merged with block 218 c. For example, theuser device might not specifically append the tokens to the content asshown in block 214 c of FIG. 2C, but instead, may simply transmit thecontent and the tokens to the database. Illustration of block 214 c inFIG. 2C is based on a recognition/understanding that tokens may bereceived by the user device at different points in time. For example, afirst token may be received at a first time instance and a second tokenmay be received at a second time instance that is subsequent to thefirst time instance. In this respect, in block 214 c the first token maybe applied to a first portion of the content obtained in block 202 c andin block 214 c the second token may be applied to a second portion ofthe content obtained at the second time instance in block 202 c. Statedslightly differently, block 214 c may be executed to tag/flag differentportions of the content as the content is obtained, as the user devicechanges location, etc.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respectiveprocesses are shown and described as a series of blocks in FIGS. 2B-2C,it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matteris not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur indifferent orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what isdepicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks maybe required to implement the methods described herein. In someembodiments, an aspect of a first method (e.g., the method 200 b) may becombined with one or more aspects of a second method (e.g., the method200 c).

Aspects of the disclosure may reduce (e.g., minimize) burdens onnetwork/service providers/operators by offloading authentication tokensto public locations with explicit location and date/time stamps/tags. Auser's/device's presence at or proximate a transmission source of thetokens can be anonymously checked/verified without provider/operatorintervention at a subsequent point in time.

Aspects of the disclosure may be used to incorporate tokens inconjunction with various assets (e.g., digital content). For example,tokens may be appended to images, movies, log-ins/check-ins, socialmedia comments, community content, speeches, transcripts, etc.Authentication of the tokens may ensure that the content is legitimateor originates from a trustworthy source. In this respect, aspects of thedisclosure may help to ensure that rights-holders (e.g., intellectualproperty rights holders) are fairly compensated by helping to detectunlawful or otherwise inappropriate disseminations of goods or services.

Aspects of the disclosure may be used to create and manage a scoringmechanism/service that may be intuitively presented to a user/consumer.Various scores may be influenced/based on location, time, collaboration,degree/level of historical authenticity, or a combination thereof. Insome embodiments, links may be provided to historical events through,e.g., a public auditing service, such that additionalverification/authentication regarding content may be obtained.

In some embodiments, a scoring mechanism/service may be used inautomated applications. For example, such scoring may be obtained and/orpresented as an absolute number, in conjunction with one or more inputs,etc. The scoring that is obtained/provided may be used for a multitudeof purposes, such as for example a filtering of content, verification ofbot-approved actions, etc.

Aspects of the disclosure may be used to provide a low-cost mechanismfor long-term token storage. In this respect, aspects of the disclosurecan be used to tie content to particular locations, dates, and times,where that content may be retrieved at a distant point in time (e.g.,decades later). In an illustrative use-case scenario, aspects of thedisclosure can be used as part of cracking “a cold case” in connectionwith law enforcement, where content that is initially deemed to havelittle relevance may subsequently gain significant relevance upon thediscovery of new/additional evidence some years later. More generally,aspects of the disclosure may be used to prove/disprove that a personwas/was not at a particular location on a particular date/time, that aparticular event occurred/did not occur at the location on thedate/time, etc.

Aspects of the disclosure may provide an ability to share tokens (e.g.,hashed authentication tokens) to proximal devices to facilitatetagging/stamping insights or metadata. For example, tokens received by afirst device may be (re-)transmitted by the first device to one or moreother devices. In this respect, aspects of the disclosure may be appliedin connection with Internet of Things (IoT)-based devices. In someembodiments, tokens may be shared among devices via, e.g., WiFi, radiofrequency (RF) or near-field communications (NFC), cellularcommunications, etc. More generally, any combination of wired orwireless communications may be used to share tokens. In someembodiments, tokens may be distributed/disseminated in accordance with aguided electromagnetic wave. Such an electromagnetic wave may betransmitted and/or received as a surface wave in some embodiments.

As described above, aspects of the disclosure may be used to filtercontent. Such content may include phone calls, emails, etc. In someembodiments, a filter may check a header of the content for particulartokens. If the necessary tokens are absent, the filter may reject thecontent or flag/tag the content as being suspicious. In this manner,robotic calls (also known as robo calls), spam, etc., may be rejected orflagged/tagged as appropriate. Aspects of such filtration may also beused to reject and/or flag/tag so-called “fake news” that originatesfrom an unreliable source. Still further, aspects of the disclosure maybe used for emergency verification, such as for example determiningcircumstances concerning a sick or unconscious person that is unable tocommunicate.

Aspects of the disclosure may be used to authorize another user/person,a machine/robot, etc., to perform a task or function on one's behalf aspart of, e.g., a work request. For example, the anotheruser/person/machine/robot may present a token that matches an originaltoken included in the work request. In this respect, aspects of thedisclosure may be used to authenticate a relationship between two ormore users or entities, such as for example a master-slave oragency-based relationship.

Aspects of the disclosure may incorporate a community-based approach,whereby a group vote may be required to release or annotate content forpurposes of, e.g., privacy, approved access rights, etc. In someembodiments, a first person's/user's vote (e.g., a head of a household)may carry more weight relative to a second person's/user's vote (e.g., achild or dependent of the household). The group vote may be taken whilethe content is being recorded/captured, or prior or subsequent thereto.

Aspects of the disclosure may provide for enhanced protection againstspoofing a time, a date, a location, or a combination thereof, inrespect of content/assets. For example, public, permanent tokens fromany number of available service providers may help to safeguard againstsuch spoofing. In some embodiments, the service providers (or the tokensthey provide) may in turn be scored for purposes of authenticity. Inthis respect, aspects of the disclosure may be applied in connectionwith a supply-chain whereby precise locationdeterminations/authentications may be obtained.

Aspects of the disclosure may be used to continuously and/orperiodically update scores associated with content. For example, as moreinformation becomes available, the authenticity of a given content itemmay be updated accordingly.

Aspects of the disclosure may be applied in various scenarios. Forexample, aspects of the disclosure may be used to suppress/censorfalse/inauthentic content, promote legitimate/authentic content, etc. Inthis respect, aspects of the disclosure may be used in connection withnews reporting, educational environments (e.g., distance-learning),trial/legal proceedings, etc.

Aspects of the disclosure may be used in the creation of panoramiccontent, such as for example 360-degree videos. For example, multiplevideo and/or still-image cameras may be used to capture/record footage(e.g., live content) from various viewpoints/angles and the footageprovided from each camera may be stitched/pieced together to create asingle video and/or image file. The tokens associated with the capturedfootage may be examined to select the appropriate cameras for compilingthe file.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication networkin accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular avirtualized communication network is presented that can be used toimplement some or all of the subsystems and functions of communicationnetwork 100, the subsystems and functions of system 200 a, and themethods 200 b and 200 c presented in FIGS. 1 and 2A-2C. For example,virtualized communication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in parttransmitting a first token that includes an identification of a date anda time when the first token is transmitted and a location from where thefirst token is transmitted, storing a copy of the first token in adatabase, receiving a content item and a second token from a userdevice, and applying a score to the content item based on a comparisonof the copy of the first token and the second token. Virtualizedcommunication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in part recording acontent item, receiving a first token that includes an identification ofa date and a time when a first portion of the content item is recordedand a location where the first portion of the content item is recorded,and transmitting the content item and the first token to a database.Virtualized communication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in partobtaining a content item, receiving a first token that includes anidentification of a date and a time when a first portion of the contentitem is obtain, a location where the first portion of the content itemis obtained, or a combination thereof, and transmitting the content itemand the first token to a database.

In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leveragescloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via atransport layer 350, a virtualized network function cloud 325 and/or oneor more cloud computing environments 375. In various embodiments, thiscloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leveragesapplication programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity fromservices and operations; supports more nimble business models; andrapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirementsincluding traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity ofperformance and reliability expectations.

In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typicallyintegrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communicationnetwork employs virtual network elements (VNEs) 330, 332, 334, etc. thatperform some or all of the functions of network elements 150, 152, 154,156, etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrateof networking capability, often called Network Function VirtualizationInfrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of beingdirected with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocolsto perform a broad variety of network functions and services. Thisinfrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typicaltype of substrate being servers that support Network FunctionVirtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities basedon generic computing resources, with specialized network technologiesbrought to bear when general purpose processors or general purposeintegrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein asmerchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communicationservices can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads.

As an example, a traditional network element 150 (shown in FIG. 1), suchas an edge router can be implemented via a VNE 330 composed of NFVsoftware modules, merchant silicon, and associated controllers. Thesoftware can be written so that increasing workload consumes incrementalresources from a common resource pool, and moreover so that it'selastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. In a similarfashion, other network elements such as other routers, switches, edgecaches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the common resource pool.Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planningand growing infrastructure easier to manage.

In an embodiment, the transport layer 350 includes fiber, cable, wiredand/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces toprovide broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130,media access 140 and/or access to content sources 175 for distributionof content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, insome cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place,and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times,the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannotbe abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code andanalog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementationas VNEs 330, 332 or 334. These network elements can be included intransport layer 350.

The virtualized network function cloud 325 interfaces with the transportlayer 350 to provide the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide specificNFVs. In particular, the virtualized network function cloud 325leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures to supportnetworking workloads. The virtualized network elements 330, 332 and 334can employ network function software that provides either a one-for-onemapping of traditional network element function or alternately somecombination of network functions designed for cloud computing. Forexample, VNEs 330, 332 and 334 can include route reflectors, domain namesystem (DNS) servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)servers, system architecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility managemententity (MME) gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers forIP-VPN, Ethernet and other services, load balancers, distributers andother network elements. Because these elements don't typically need toforward large amounts of traffic, their workload can be distributedacross a number of servers—each of which adds a portion of thecapability, and overall which creates an elastic function with higheravailability than its former monolithic version. These virtual networkelements 330, 332, 334, etc. can be instantiated and managed using anorchestration approach similar to those used in cloud compute services.

The cloud computing environments 375 can interface with the virtualizednetwork function cloud 325 via APIs that expose functional capabilitiesof the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide the flexible and expandedcapabilities to the virtualized network function cloud 325. Inparticular, network workloads may have applications distributed acrossthe virtualized network function cloud 325 and cloud computingenvironment 375 and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrateworkloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these thirdparty locations.

Turning now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein. In order to provide additional context for various embodimentsof the embodiments described herein, FIG. 4 and the following discussionare intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitablecomputing environment 400 in which the various embodiments of thesubject disclosure can be implemented. In particular, computingenvironment 400 can be used in the implementation of network elements150, 152, 154, 156, access terminal 112, base station or access point122, switching device 132, media terminal 142, and/or VNEs 330, 332,334, etc. Each of these devices can be implemented viacomputer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers,and/or in combination with other program modules and/or as a combinationof hardware and software. For example, computing environment 400 canfacilitate in whole or in part transmitting a first token that includesan identification of a date and a time when the first token istransmitted and a location from where the first token is transmitted,storing a copy of the first token in a database, receiving a contentitem and a second token from a user device, and applying a score to thecontent item based on a comparison of the copy of the first token andthe second token. Computing environment 400 can facilitate in whole orin part recording a content item, receiving a first token that includesan identification of a date and a time when a first portion of thecontent item is recorded and a location where the first portion of thecontent item is recorded, and transmitting the content item and thefirst token to a database. Computing environment 400 can facilitate inwhole or in part obtaining a content item, receiving a first token thatincludes an identification of a date and a time when a first portion ofthe content item is obtain, a location where the first portion of thecontent item is obtained, or a combination thereof, and transmitting thecontent item and the first token to a database.

Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors aswell as other application specific circuits such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine,programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals ordata and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. Itshould be noted that while any functions and features described hereinin association with the operation of a processor could likewise beperformed by a processing circuit.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which cancomprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media,which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured dataor unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM),flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devicesor other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to storedesired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or“non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any informationdelivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signalsrefers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set orchanged in such a manner as to encode information in one or moresignals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication mediacomprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wiredconnection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and otherwireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 4, the example environment can comprise acomputer 402, the computer 402 comprising a processing unit 404, asystem memory 406 and a system bus 408. The system bus 408 couplessystem components including, but not limited to, the system memory 406to the processing unit 404. The processing unit 404 can be any ofvarious commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors andother multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit 404.

The system bus 408 can be any of several types of bus structure that canfurther interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 406comprises ROM 410 and RAM 412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can bestored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines thathelp to transfer information between elements within the computer 402,such as during startup. The RAM 412 can also comprise a high-speed RAMsuch as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 414(e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal HDD 414 can also be configured forexternal use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy diskdrive (FDD) 416, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette418) and an optical disk drive 420, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 422 or,to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as theDVD). The HDD 414, magnetic FDD 416 and optical disk drive 420 can beconnected to the system bus 408 by a hard disk drive interface 424, amagnetic disk drive interface 426 and an optical drive interface 428,respectively. The hard disk drive interface 424 for external driveimplementations comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus(USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies arewithin contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 402, the drives and storagemedia accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refersto a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and aremovable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that other types of storage media which arereadable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flashmemory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the exampleoperating environment, and further, that any such storage media cancontain computer-executable instructions for performing the methodsdescribed herein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 412,comprising an operating system 430, one or more application programs432, other program modules 434 and program data 436. All or portions ofthe operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 412. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 402 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 438 and apointing device, such as a mouse 440. Other input devices (not shown)can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick,a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and otherinput devices are often connected to the processing unit 404 through aninput device interface 442 that can be coupled to the system bus 408,but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, anIEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port,an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 444 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 408 via an interface, such as a video adapter 446. Itwill also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a monitor 444can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display,a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving displayinformation associated with computer 402 via any communication means,including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to themonitor 444, a computer typically comprises other peripheral outputdevices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 402 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 448. The remotecomputer(s) 448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallycomprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storagedevice 450 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprisewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 452 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 454. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 402 can beconnected to the LAN 452 through a wired and/or wireless communicationnetwork interface or adapter 456. The adapter 456 can facilitate wiredor wireless communication to the LAN 452, which can also comprise awireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 402 can comprisea modem 458 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN454 or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 454,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 458, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 408 via the input device interface 442. In a networked environment,program modules depicted relative to the computer 402 or portionsthereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 450. It willbe appreciated that the network connections shown are example and othermeans of establishing a communications link between the computers can beused.

The computer 402 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bedin a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is awireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enablessuch devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out;anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radiotechnologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to providesecure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can beused to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wirednetworks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operatein the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

Turning now to FIG. 5, an embodiment 500 of a mobile network platform510 is shown that is an example of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156,and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. For example, platform 510 can facilitatein whole or in part transmitting a first token that includes anidentification of a date and a time when the first token is transmittedand a location from where the first token is transmitted, storing a copyof the first token in a database, receiving a content item and a secondtoken from a user device, and applying a score to the content item basedon a comparison of the copy of the first token and the second token.Platform 510 can facilitate in whole or in part recording a contentitem, receiving a first token that includes an identification of a dateand a time when a first portion of the content item is recorded and alocation where the first portion of the content item is recorded, andtransmitting the content item and the first token to a database.Platform 510 can facilitate in whole or in part obtaining a contentitem, receiving a first token that includes an identification of a dateand a time when a first portion of the content item is obtain, alocation where the first portion of the content item is obtained, or acombination thereof, and transmitting the content item and the firsttoken to a database. In one or more embodiments, the mobile networkplatform 510 can generate and receive signals transmitted and receivedby base stations or access points such as base station or access point122. Generally, mobile network platform 510 can comprise components,e.g., nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, thatfacilitate both packet-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP),frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS)traffic (e.g., voice and data), as well as control generation fornetworked wireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, mobilenetwork platform 510 can be included in telecommunications carriernetworks, and can be considered carrier-side components as discussedelsewhere herein. Mobile network platform 510 comprises CS gatewaynode(s) 512 which can interface CS traffic received from legacy networkslike telephony network(s) 540 (e.g., public switched telephone network(PSTN), or public land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7(SS7) network 560. CS gateway node(s) 512 can authorize and authenticatetraffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CSgateway node(s) 512 can access mobility, or roaming, data generatedthrough SS7 network 560; for instance, mobility data stored in a visitedlocation register (VLR), which can reside in memory 530. Moreover, CSgateway node(s) 512 interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PSgateway node(s) 518. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gatewaynode(s) 512 can be realized at least in part in gateway GPRS supportnode(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that functionality and specificoperation of CS gateway node(s) 512, PS gateway node(s) 518, and servingnode(s) 516, is provided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilizedby mobile network platform 510 for telecommunication over a radio accessnetwork 520 with other devices, such as a radiotelephone 575.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic andsignaling, PS gateway node(s) 518 can authorize and authenticatePS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions cancomprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to themobile network platform 510, like wide area network(s) (WANs) 550,enterprise network(s) 570, and service network(s) 580, which can beembodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced withmobile network platform 510 through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to benoted that WANs 550 and enterprise network(s) 570 can embody, at leastin part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Basedon radio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) orradio access network 520, PS gateway node(s) 518 can generate packetdata protocol contexts when a data session is established; other datastructures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can begenerated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s) 518 cancomprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetizedcommunication with disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Finetworks.

In embodiment 500, mobile network platform 510 also comprises servingnode(s) 516 that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) withintechnology resource(s) in the radio access network 520, convey thevarious packetized flows of data streams received through PS gatewaynode(s) 518. It is to be noted that for technology resource(s) that relyprimarily on CS communication, server node(s) can deliver trafficwithout reliance on PS gateway node(s) 518; for example, server node(s)can embody at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, ina 3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s) 516 can be embodied in serving GPRSsupport node(s) (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s)514 in mobile network platform 510 can execute numerous applicationsthat can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows,and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Suchapplication(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (forexample, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided bymobile network platform 510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that arepart of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gatewaynode(s) 518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a datasession, and to serving node(s) 516 for communication thereafter. Inaddition to application server, server(s) 514 can comprise utilityserver(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, anoperations and maintenance server, a security server that can implementat least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as othersecurity mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s)secure communication served through mobile network platform 510 toensure network's operation and data integrity in addition toauthorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s) 512and PS gateway node(s) 518 can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s)can provision services from external network(s) like networks operatedby a disparate service provider; for instance, WAN 550 or GlobalPositioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s)can also provision coverage through networks associated to mobilenetwork platform 510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same serviceprovider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown in FIG. 1(s)that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more networkcoverage.

It is to be noted that server(s) 514 can comprise one or more processorsconfigured to confer at least in part the functionality of mobilenetwork platform 510. To that end, the one or more processor can executecode instructions stored in memory 530, for example. It is should beappreciated that server(s) 514 can comprise a content manager, whichoperates in substantially the same manner as described hereinbefore.

In example embodiment 500, memory 530 can store information related tooperation of mobile network platform 510. Other operational informationcan comprise provisioning information of mobile devices served throughmobile network platform 510, subscriber databases; applicationintelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates, flat-rateprograms, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s) consistentwith telecommunication protocols for operation of disparate radio, orwireless, technology layers; and so forth. Memory 530 can also storeinformation from at least one of telephony network(s) 540, WAN 550, SS7network 560, or enterprise network(s) 570. In an aspect, memory 530 canbe, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as aremotely connected memory store.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosedsubject matter, FIG. 5, and the following discussion, are intended toprovide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in whichthe various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented.While the subject matter has been described above in the general contextof computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on acomputer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination withother program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines,programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particulartasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustrative embodiment of a communicationdevice 600 is shown. The communication device 600 can serve as anillustrative embodiment of devices such as data terminals 114, mobiledevices 124, vehicle 126, display devices 144 or other client devicesfor communication via either communications network 125. For example,computing device 600 can facilitate in whole or in part transmitting afirst token that includes an identification of a date and a time whenthe first token is transmitted and a location from where the first tokenis transmitted, storing a copy of the first token in a database,receiving a content item and a second token from a user device, andapplying a score to the content item based on a comparison of the copyof the first token and the second token. Computing device 600 canfacilitate in whole or in part recording a content item, receiving afirst token that includes an identification of a date and a time when afirst portion of the content item is recorded and a location where thefirst portion of the content item is recorded, and transmitting thecontent item and the first token to a database. Computing device 600 canfacilitate in whole or in part obtaining a content item, receiving afirst token that includes an identification of a date and a time when afirst portion of the content item is obtain, a location where the firstportion of the content item is obtained, or a combination thereof, andtransmitting the content item and the first token to a database.

The communication device 600 can comprise a wireline and/or wirelesstransceiver 602 (herein transceiver 602), a user interface (UI) 604, apower supply 614, a location receiver 616, a motion sensor 618, anorientation sensor 620, and a controller 606 for managing operationsthereof. The transceiver 602 can support short-range or long-rangewireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, orcellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth®and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special InterestGroup and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies caninclude, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO,WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communicationtechnologies as they arise. The transceiver 602 can also be adapted tosupport circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN),packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP,etc.), and combinations thereof.

The UI 604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad 608 witha navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or anavigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device600. The keypad 608 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of thecommunication device 600 or an independent device operably coupledthereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or awireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. The keypad 608 canrepresent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTYkeypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI 604 can further include a display610 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology forconveying images to an end user of the communication device 600. In anembodiment where the display 610 is touch-sensitive, a portion or all ofthe keypad 608 can be presented by way of the display 610 withnavigation features.

The display 610 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a userinterface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, thecommunication device 600 can be adapted to present a user interfacehaving graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by auser with a touch of a finger. The display 610 can be equipped withcapacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technology to detect howmuch surface area of a user's finger has been placed on a portion of thetouch screen display. This sensing information can be used to controlthe manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the userinterface. The display 610 can be an integral part of the housingassembly of the communication device 600 or an independent devicecommunicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (suchas a cable) or a wireless interface.

The UI 604 can also include an audio system 612 that utilizes audiotechnology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard inproximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphonefor hands free operation). The audio system 612 can further include amicrophone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audiosystem 612 can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI604 can further include an image sensor 613 such as a charged coupleddevice (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

The power supply 614 can utilize common power management technologiessuch as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulationtechnologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energyto the components of the communication device 600 to facilitatelong-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or incombination, the charging system can utilize external power sources suchas DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port orother suitable tethering technologies.

The location receiver 616 can utilize location technology such as aglobal positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS foridentifying a location of the communication device 600 based on signalsgenerated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used forfacilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor 618can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, agyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motionof the communication device 600 in three-dimensional space. Theorientation sensor 620 can utilize orientation sensing technology suchas a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations indegrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

The communication device 600 can use the transceiver 602 to alsodetermine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth®, or other wirelessaccess points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time offlight (TOF) measurements. The controller 606 can utilize computingtechnologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP),programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits,and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash,ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executingcomputer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by theaforementioned components of the communication device 600.

Other components not shown in FIG. 6 can be used in one or moreembodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communicationdevice 600 can include a slot for adding or removing an identity modulesuch as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal IntegratedCircuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifyingsubscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and soon.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in theclaims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only anddoesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “afirst determination,” “a second determination,” and “a thirddetermination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determinationis to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “datastore,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile andnonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatilememory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further,nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory cancomprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cachememory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available inmany forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhancedSDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methodsherein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising,these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can bepracticed with other computer system configurations, comprisingsingle-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computingdevices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-heldcomputing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tabletcomputers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. Theillustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computingenvironments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices thatare linked through a communications network; however, some if not allaspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alonecomputers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules canbe located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of services can begenerated including services being accessed, media consumption history,user preferences, and so forth. This information can be obtained byvarious methods including user input, detecting types of communications(e.g., video content vs. audio content), analysis of content streams,sampling, and so forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring ofthis information can be responsive to an authorization provided by theuser. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be subject toauthorization from user(s) associated with the data, such as an opt-in,an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements, notifications, selectiveauthorization based on types of data, and so forth.

Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificialintelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more featuresdescribed herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection withautomatically identifying acquired cell sites that provide a maximumvalue/benefit after addition to an existing communication network) canemploy various AI-based schemes for carrying out various embodimentsthereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to determine a rankingor priority of each cell site of the acquired network. A classifier is afunction that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . ,xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is,f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilisticand/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysisutilities and costs) to determine or infer an action that a user desiresto be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is anexample of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates byfinding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which thehypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from thenon-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classificationcorrect for testing data that is near, but not identical to trainingdata. Other directed and undirected model classification approachescomprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neuralnetworks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification modelsproviding different patterns of independence can be employed.Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statisticalregression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments canemploy classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generictraining data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UEbehavior, operator preferences, historical information, receivingextrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via alearning or training phase within a classifier constructor and featureselection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automaticallylearn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited todetermining according to predetermined criteria which of the acquiredcell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and/or which ofthe acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existingcommunication network coverage, etc.

As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, theterms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, orcomprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. As an example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution,computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By wayof illustration and not limitation, both an application running on aserver and the server can be a component. One or more components mayreside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component maybe localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. In addition, these components can execute from variouscomputer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such asin accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., datafrom one component interacting with another component in a local system,distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet withother systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be anapparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical partsoperated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by asoftware or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes atleast a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality ofthe electronic components. While various components have beenillustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiplecomponents can be implemented as a single component, or a singlecomponent can be implemented as multiple components, without departingfrom example embodiments.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communicationsmedia. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but arenot limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digitalversatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g.,card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art willrecognize many modifications can be made to this configuration withoutdeparting from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to meanserving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or designdescribed herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended topresent concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, theterm “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,”subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobiledevice” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to awireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wirelesscommunication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video,sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. Theforegoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with referenceto the related drawings.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” andthe like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless contextwarrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should beappreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automatedcomponents supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacityto make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms),which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially anycomputing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited tocomprising, single-core processors; single-processors with softwaremultithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-coreprocessors with software multithread execution capability; multi-coreprocessors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; andparallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, aprocessor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), acomplex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploitnano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular andquantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimizespace usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor canalso be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,”and substantially any other information storage component relevant tooperation and functionality of a component, refer to “memorycomponents,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprisingthe memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components orcomputer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile andnonvolatile memory.

What has been described above includes mere examples of variousembodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe everyconceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes ofdescribing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art canrecognize that many further combinations and permutations of the presentembodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/orclaimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations,modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes”is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term isintended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as“comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in aclaim.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue”indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that thesteps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used inconjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates thebeginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by otheractivities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indicationreflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/ormay be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further,while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, otherorderings are likewise possible provided that the principles ofcausality are maintained.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupledto”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/orindirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Suchitems and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions,communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functionalblocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signalconveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one ormore intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format ofinformation in a signal, while one or more elements of the informationin the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can berecognized by the second item. In a further example of indirectcoupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the seconditem, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more interveningitems.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves thesame or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments describedor shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intendedto cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure.For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can becombined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. Inone or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can alsobe negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or withoutreplacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The stepsor functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subjectdisclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functionsdescribed with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure canbe performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions ofthe subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from othersteps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further,more than or less than all of the features described with respect to anembodiment can also be utilized.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device, comprising: a processing systemincluding a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructionsthat, when executed by the processing system, facilitate performance ofoperations, the operations comprising: transmitting a first token thatcomprises an identification of a date and a time when the first token istransmitted and a location from where the first token is transmitted;storing a copy of the first token in a database; receiving a contentitem and a second token from a user device; and applying a score to thecontent item based on a comparison of the copy of the first token andthe second token.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the databasecomprises a distributed ledger, wherein the distributed ledger comprisesa plurality of devices, and wherein the storing of the copy of the firsttoken in the database comprises storing a copy of the first token in theplurality of devices.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: applying encoding, hashing, or a combination thereof,to the copy of the first token resulting in a third token; andtransmitting the third token to the user device, wherein the secondtoken is based on the third token.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein theoperations further comprise: storing the content item in the databasewhen the score is equal to or greater than a threshold; and discardingthe content item when the score is less than the threshold.
 5. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise: receiving asearch request from a second user device; responsive to receiving thesearch request, selecting the content item based on the score exceedinga threshold; and transmitting an identification of the content item tothe second user device responsive to selecting the content item.
 6. Thedevice of claim 5, wherein the identification of the content itemcomprises a selectable link associated with the content item, andwherein the transmitting of the identification of the content item tothe second user device comprises transmitting the score to the seconduser device.
 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations furthercomprise: applying a facial recognition technique, a computed contentfingerprint, or a combination thereof, to identify a person, an object,a scene, a location, an event, a landmark, or a combination thereof,captured in the content item; transmitting a request to a second userdevice based on the applying of the facial recognition technique, thecomputed content fingerprint, or the combination thereof; and responsiveto transmitting the request, receiving from the second user device anindication as to whether the person, the object, the scene, thelocation, the event, the landmark, or the combination thereof, iscaptured in the content item, wherein the applying of the score to thecontent item is further based on the indication.
 8. The device of claim1, wherein the content item comprises a tag that identifies a person, anobject, a scene, a location, an event, a landmark, or a combinationthereof, captured in the content item, and wherein the operationsfurther comprise: transmitting a request to a second user device basedon the tag; and responsive to transmitting the request, receiving fromthe second user device an indication as to whether the person, theobject, the scene, the location, the event, the landmark, or thecombination thereof, is captured in the content item, wherein theapplying of the score to the content item is further based on theindication.
 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations furthercomprise: receiving a second content item and a third token from asecond user device, wherein the applying of the score to the contentitem is further based on a comparison of the second token and the thirdtoken.
 10. A non-transitory, machine-readable medium, comprisingexecutable instructions that, when executed by a processing systemincluding a processor, facilitate performance of operations, theoperations comprising: transmitting a first token that comprises anidentification of a date and a time when the first token is transmitted,a location from where the first token is transmitted, or a combinationthereof; storing a copy of the first token in a database; receiving acontent item and a second token from a communication device; andapplying a score to the content item based on a comparison of the copyof the first token and the second token.
 11. The non-transitory,machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the database comprises adistributed ledger, wherein the distributed ledger comprises a pluralityof devices, and wherein the storing of the copy of the first token inthe database comprises storing a copy of the first token in theplurality of devices.
 12. The non-transitory, machine-readable medium ofclaim 10, wherein the operations further comprise: applying encoding,hashing, or a combination thereof, to the copy of the first tokenresulting in a third token; and transmitting the third token to thecommunication device, wherein the second token is based on the thirdtoken.
 13. The non-transitory, machine-readable medium of claim 10,wherein the operations further comprise: determining that the score isgreater than a threshold; and storing the content item in the databasebased on the determining that the score is greater than the threshold.14. The non-transitory, machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein theoperations further comprise: receiving a search request from a userdevice; responsive to the receiving of the search request, selecting thecontent item based on the score exceeding a threshold; and transmittingan identification of the content item to the user device responsive tothe selecting of the content item.
 15. The non-transitory,machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the identification of thecontent item comprises a selectable link associated with the contentitem, and wherein the transmitting of the identification of the contentitem to the user device comprises transmitting the score to the userdevice.
 16. The non-transitory, machine-readable medium of claim 10,wherein the operations further comprise: receiving a second content itemand a third token from a user device, wherein the applying of the scoreto the content item is further based on a comparison of the second tokenand the third token.
 17. A method comprising: transmitting, by aprocessing system including a processor, a first token that comprises anidentification of a date and a time when the first token is transmitted,a location from where the first token is transmitted, or a combinationthereof; storing, by the processing system, a copy of the first token ina data storage; obtaining, by the processing system, a content item anda second token; and applying, by the processing system, a score to thecontent item based on a comparison of the copy of the first token andthe second token.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the obtaining ofthe content item comprises: recording, by the processing system, a firstportion of the content item; and receiving, by the processing system, asecond portion of the content item from a user device.
 19. The method ofclaim 18, wherein the content item comprises a panoramic video, andwherein the second portion of the content item is recorded by the userdevice, the method further comprising: appending, by the processingsystem, an identification of the user device to the second portion ofthe content item received from the user device.
 20. The method of claim19, further comprising: transmitting, by the processing system, thecontent item to the data storage, wherein the transmitting of thecontent item comprises transmitting the identification of the userdevice appended to the second portion of the content item.